{"id":19,"date":"2025-02-08T05:30:25","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T05:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=19"},"modified":"2025-02-08T05:30:25","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T05:30:25","slug":"bai-1-gioi-thieu-ve-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=19","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 1: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Scratch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Scratch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Scratch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT), gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh. Scratch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh k\u00e9o-th\u1ea3 thay v\u00ec c\u00fa ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0 duy l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec ghi nh\u1edb c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scratch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt (sprite) di chuy\u1ec3n, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;When Green Flag Clicked&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;When Green Flag Clicked&#8221; (Khi nh\u1ea5n c\u1edd xanh) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong Scratch. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m kh\u1ed1i &#8220;Events&#8221; (S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o l\u00e1 c\u1edd xanh tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n Scratch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n c\u1edd xanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Scratch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"306\" height=\"159\" src=\"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2.png 306w, https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-2-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, khi nh\u1ea5n c\u1edd xanh, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n 10 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3i &#8220;Xin ch\u00e0o!&#8221; trong 2 gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;Move () steps&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;Move () steps&#8221; (Di chuy\u1ec3n () b\u01b0\u1edbc) thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m &#8220;Motion&#8221; (Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng (di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc) ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u00e2m (di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"239\" height=\"118\" src=\"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n 10 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1ea5n c\u1edd xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;Say () for () seconds&#8221;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh &#8220;Say () for () seconds&#8221; (N\u00f3i () trong () gi\u00e2y) thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m &#8220;Looks&#8221; (Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb) v\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau khi h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian, \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"340\" height=\"141\" src=\"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3.png 340w, https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/image-3-300x124.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1eddi n\u00f3i &#8220;Xin ch\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi!&#8221; trong 3 gi\u00e2y, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Scratch l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Scratch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT), gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh d\u1ec5&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19\/revisions\/25"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}