{"id":285,"date":"2025-03-04T14:00:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T14:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=285"},"modified":"2025-03-04T14:00:47","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T14:00:47","slug":"%f0%9f%92%a5-hieu-tuong-tan-ve-bien-trong-python-kien-thuc-co-ban-nhung-cuc-ky-quan-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=285","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udca5 Hi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1eadn V\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn Trong Python &#8211; Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n Nh\u01b0ng C\u1ef1c K\u1ef3 Quan Tr\u1ecdng!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, <strong>bi\u1ebfn<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p&#8221; gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft code khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn trong Python nh\u00e9! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\ufe0f\u20e3 Bi\u1ebfn L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, Python s\u1ebd l\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>name = \"Minh\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00fac n\u00e0y, Python s\u1ebd l\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb &#8220;Minh&#8221; v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn <code>name<\/code>. Khi c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi <code>name<\/code>, Python s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u1ee7a Bi\u1ebfn Trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>: Python l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> (dynamic typing), n\u00ean b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn. Python s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: Bi\u1ebfn trong Python c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 <strong>T\u00ean bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc<\/strong>: \u2705 Ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (<code>_<\/code>) \u2705 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u2705 Ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u2705 Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef hoa v\u00e0 ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng (<code>age<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>Age<\/code> l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\ufe0f\u20e3 C\u00e1ch \u0110\u1eb7t T\u00ean Bi\u1ebfn Chu\u1ea9n Trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Python c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn theo phong c\u00e1ch <strong>snake_case<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi <code>_<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714 \u0110\u00fang: <code>student_name<\/code>, <code>total_price<\/code>, <code>user_age<\/code> \u274c Sai: <code>studentName<\/code> (Java-style), <code>TotalPrice<\/code> (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang chu\u1ea9n Python), <code>user age<\/code> (ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00fap code d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n! \ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4\ufe0f\u20e3 C\u00e1ch G\u00e1n Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ecb Cho Bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho bi\u1ebfn theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd38 <strong>G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: <code>x = 10<\/code> \ud83d\udd38 <strong>G\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/strong>: <code>a, b, c = 1, 2, 3<\/code> \ud83d\udd38 <strong>G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>: <code>x = y = z = 100<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Python h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap code g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng h\u01a1n! \u2728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5\ufe0f\u20e3 T\u1ea1i Sao Bi\u1ebfn Quan Tr\u1ecdng Trong L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u00fap <strong>l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00fap code <strong>d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh <strong>l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong> nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00fap vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh <strong>linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n<\/strong>, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd25 T\u1ed5ng K\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong Python c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch khai b\u00e1o, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft code khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn trong Python ch\u01b0a? H\u00e3y m\u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch Python l\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngay nh\u00e9! \ud83d\ude80\ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>#Python #LapTrinh #HocLapTrinh #CodeD\u1ec5Hi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t &#8220;chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p&#8221; gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea7n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=285"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":286,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/285\/revisions\/286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}