{"id":326,"date":"2025-03-09T13:35:40","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T13:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=326"},"modified":"2025-03-09T13:35:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T13:35:40","slug":"%f0%9f%8e%af-cung-con-hoc-lap-trinh-qua-tro-choi-doan-so-bi-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=326","title":{"rendered":"\ud83c\udfaf C\u00f9ng Con H\u1ecdc L\u1eadp Tr\u00ecnh Qua Tr\u00f2 Ch\u01a1i “\u0110o\u00e1n S\u1ed1 B\u00ed M\u1eadt”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c cho tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy logic m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng con t\u1ea1o tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i “\u0110o\u00e1n S\u1ed1 B\u00ed M\u1eadt”<\/strong> \u2013 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i “\u0110o\u00e1n S\u1ed1 B\u00ed M\u1eadt” l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 100). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u201cL\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u201d<\/strong> n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u201cNh\u1ecf h\u01a1n\u201d<\/strong> n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e1n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u201cCh\u00ednh x\u00e1c!\u201d<\/strong> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> \u0110o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n th\u1eed \u00edt nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    \ud83e\udd14 T\u1ea1i sao tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho tr\u1ebb em?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy logic:<\/strong> Tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch suy lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2705 L\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (if – else):<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang hay sai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (while):<\/strong> L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u2705 T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> Tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1eed sai v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n

      \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f C\u00e1ch cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 con th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a con l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra n\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng con:<\/strong> Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy lu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng minh<\/strong> thay v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 50 \u0111\u1ec3 chia \u0111\u00f4i kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn:<\/strong> Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i:\n
          \n
        • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111o\u00e1n trong 7 l\u1ea7n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Th\u00eam l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng khi \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i: Cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con thay phi\u00ean nhau l\u00e0m “m\u00e1y t\u00ednh”.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \n\n\n\n

          \ud83d\udcc4 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (b\u1eb1ng Python)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu con b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y th\u1eed c\u00f9ng con vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
          \ud83d\udcca Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. T\u01b0 duy nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n (Binary Search):<\/strong> Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chia \u0111\u00f4i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. T\u00ednh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Sau khi hi\u1ec3u tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra lu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i “\u0110o\u00e1n S\u1ed1 B\u00ed M\u1eadt” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u00fap cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch con kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc g\u1eafn k\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, vi\u1ec7c cho tr\u1ebb ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy logic m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=326"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":330,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/326\/revisions\/330"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}