{"id":438,"date":"2025-03-23T02:36:57","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T02:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=438"},"modified":"2025-03-23T02:38:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-23T02:38:18","slug":"%f0%9f%9a%80-tat-tan-tat-ve-ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-c-nen-tang-cua-lap-trinh-hien-dai-%f0%9f%92%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/?p=438","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\ude80 T\u1ea4T T\u1ea6N T\u1eacT V\u1ec0 NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee L\u1eacP TR\u00ccNH C \u2013 N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG C\u1ee6A L\u1eacP TR\u00ccNH HI\u1ec6N \u0110\u1ea0I \ud83d\udcbb"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udca1 Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1:
\u2705 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a C<\/strong>
\u2705 T\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C<\/strong>
\u2705 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh C<\/strong>
\u2705 C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 con tr\u1ecf, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>
\u2705 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>
\u2705 So s\u00e1nh C v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/strong>
\u2705 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udccc 1. Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udd39 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • N\u0103m 1972<\/strong>, Dennis Ritchie<\/strong> ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C t\u1ea1i Bell Labs \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh UNIX.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ANSI C (C89\/C90)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 C99, C11, C18<\/strong> b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hi\u1ec7n nay, C v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udd39 V\u00ec sao C v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u2714 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> \u2013 G\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.
    \u2714 T\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u2013 Ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb PC \u0111\u1ebfn vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.
    \u2714 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/strong> \u2013 Cung c\u1ea5p con tr\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng.
    \u2714 C\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong> \u2013 D\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    \ud83d\udccc 2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh C \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #include <stdio.h>  \/\/ Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n chu\u1ea9n\n\nint main() {  \n    printf(\"Hello, World!\\n\");  \/\/ In ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh\n    return 0;  \n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \ud83d\udd39 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • #include <stdio.h><\/code>: Nh\u00fang th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Standard Input Output<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng printf()<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • int main()<\/code>: H\u00e0m ch\u00ednh, n\u01a1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • printf(\"Hello, World!\\n\");<\/code>: In chu\u1ed7i ra m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • return 0;<\/code>: K\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udccc 3. Bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udd39 C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (bytes)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      int<\/code><\/td>S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean<\/td>2 ho\u1eb7c 4<\/td><\/tr>
      float<\/code><\/td>S\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
      double<\/code><\/td>S\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao<\/td>8<\/td><\/tr>
      char<\/code><\/td>K\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      #include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n    int a = 10;\n    float b = 3.14;\n    char c = 'A';\n\n    printf(\"a = %d\\n\", a);\n    printf(\"b = %.2f\\n\", b);\n    printf(\"c = %c\\n\", c);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udccc 4. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udd39 C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (if-else<\/code>, switch-case<\/code>)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      #include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n    int num = 10;\n    \n    if (num > 0) {\n        printf(\"S\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng\\n\");\n    } else {\n        printf(\"S\u1ed1 \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 0\\n\");\n    }\n\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udd39 V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (for<\/code>, while<\/code>, do-while<\/code>)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      #include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n        printf(\"L\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p th\u1ee9 %d\\n\", i + 1);\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udccc 5. Con tr\u1ecf \u2013 S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      Con tr\u1ecf gi\u00fap truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      #include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() {\n    int x = 10;\n    int *ptr = &x;\n\n    printf(\"Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x: %d\\n\", *ptr);\n    printf(\"\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a x: %p\\n\", ptr);\n\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \ud83d\udccc \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng con tr\u1ecf<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • X\u1eed l\u00fd chu\u1ed7i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Truy xu\u1ea5t m\u1ea3ng nhanh h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        \ud83d\udccc 6. C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        C gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u1edbi malloc()<\/code><\/strong>, calloc()<\/code><\/strong>, realloc()<\/code><\/strong>, free()<\/code><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        #include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n\nint main() {\n    int *arr = (int*) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));  \/\/ C\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n        arr[i] = i * 10;\n        printf(\"%d \", arr[i]);\n    }\n\n    free(arr);  \/\/ Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb\n\n    return 0;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        \ud83d\udccc 7. So s\u00e1nh C v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi C<\/th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m so v\u1edbi C<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
        Python<\/td>Code ng\u1eafn, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh<\/td>Ch\u1ea1y ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, \u00edt ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/td><\/tr>
        Java<\/td>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 OOP, ch\u1ea1y \u0111a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng C<\/td><\/tr>
        C++<\/td>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n do nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n\n\n\n
        \ud83d\udccc 8. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \ud83d\udcbb Tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • GCC<\/strong> (GNU Compiler Collection)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Clang<\/strong> (LLVM-based compiler)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \ud83d\udd27 IDE h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Code::Blocks<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Dev-C++<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Visual Studio Code<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            \ud83d\udccc 9. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a C<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            \ud83d\udd25 H\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh<\/strong>: UNIX, Linux, Windows.
            \ud83d\udd25 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang<\/strong>: L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, IoT.
            \ud83d\udd25 Game Engine<\/strong>: Unreal Engine.
            \ud83d\udd25 Tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/strong>: GCC, Clang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n\n\n\n
            \ud83d\udccc 10. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
            Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang<\/strong>, C l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \ud83d\udcac B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C ch\u01b0a? H\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n!<\/strong> \u2b07\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            #CProgramming #LapTrinhC #Coding #LapTrinh \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh C kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u1eadp…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=438"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":441,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438\/revisions\/441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/news.techjunior.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}